Insights & Perspectives

Considered thinking
for considered wealth

Quarterly letters from our Managing Partner, essays on enduring principles, and perspectives on the markets — written for families who value substance over noise.

On Steadiness in an Uncertain Year

Dear Clients and Friends,

As we close the books on 2025, I find myself reflecting on a year that tested the patience of even the most disciplined investors. The headlines were relentless: geopolitical tensions, central bank pivots, an artificial intelligence frenzy that at times resembled the speculative manias of cycles past. Through it all, our guiding principle remained the same — that the surest path to long-term wealth preservation is the refusal to be rushed by short-term noise.

“The most valuable thing we did for our clients this year was the same thing we do every year: nothing rash.”

Our portfolios ended the year in a position of quiet strength. By maintaining our longstanding allocation discipline — a blend of high-quality fixed income, diversified global equities, and select alternative investments — we were able to participate in the market's gains while limiting exposure to its most speculative excesses. Our equity positions, concentrated in businesses with durable competitive advantages and strong balance sheets, outperformed broader indices on a risk-adjusted basis. Our fixed income holdings, which some questioned during the low-rate environment, proved their worth as volatility returned.

I want to address the question I heard most often this year: “Should we have more exposure to artificial intelligence?” Our answer, as always, is nuanced. We hold meaningful positions in established technology companies that are well-positioned to benefit from AI's development. What we have avoided are the speculative names — companies with extraordinary valuations built on extraordinary promises. History has taught us that transformative technologies create enormous value, but that value accrues unevenly, and often to companies that do not yet exist. We prefer to invest in what we can understand and value with confidence.

Looking ahead to 2026, we see a world that is neither as fragile as the pessimists suggest nor as robust as the optimists hope. Interest rates appear to have found a new equilibrium. Corporate earnings remain healthy in most sectors. Valuations, while elevated in certain pockets, are not broadly unsustainable. We will continue to allocate capital with the same discipline that has defined this firm for nearly four decades — patiently, thoughtfully, and with your family's long-term objectives as our only compass.

As always, I am grateful for the trust you place in us. It is a responsibility we do not take lightly.

With warm regards,
James W. Hargrove

The Quiet Work of Compounding

Dear Clients and Friends,

The third quarter was, by most measures, uneventful — and I mean that as the highest compliment. Markets moved within a narrow range. Interest rates held steady. The economic data was neither euphoric nor alarming. For an industry that thrives on drama, it was a quarter that barely warranted a headline. And yet, beneath the surface, something important was happening: our clients' wealth was compounding.

“The most powerful force in finance is not leverage or timing or brilliance — it is time itself, working patiently on a well-constructed portfolio.”

Compounding is a process that rewards patience above all else. It does not announce itself. It does not generate excitement. It simply works, year after year, turning modest returns into extraordinary outcomes over sufficiently long horizons. Einstein is often credited with calling compound interest the eighth wonder of the world. Whether he actually said it is beside the point — the observation is no less true.

This quarter, we made modest adjustments to our equity allocations, adding selectively to positions in international developed markets where valuations remain compelling relative to US equities. We also took advantage of the rate environment to extend the duration of our fixed income holdings, locking in yields that we believe will prove attractive over the coming years. These are small, deliberate moves — the kind of quiet stewardship that defines our approach.

I would encourage each of you to resist the temptation to measure your financial progress on a quarterly basis. The quarterly letter is a convention of our industry, and I write it because transparency demands it. But the true measure of our work together is not how your portfolio performed in any ninety-day window. It is whether, over the course of decades, your wealth has been preserved, has grown in real terms, and has served the purposes you intended for it. On that measure, I am confident in where we stand.

With warm regards,
James W. Hargrove

The Art of Patience in Volatile Markets

Every generation of investors encounters a moment when the market seems to have lost its mind. Prices detach from fundamentals. Narratives replace analysis. Fear or greed — or some volatile mixture of both — drives decisions that participants will later struggle to explain. In these moments, the most valuable quality an investor can possess is not intelligence, not information, not even conviction. It is patience.

Patience in investing is not passivity. It is not the absence of action, but the discipline to act only when the evidence warrants it and the terms are favourable. It means holding a position through a drawdown not because you are indifferent to the loss, but because you have done the work to understand that the underlying value remains intact. It means declining to chase a rally not because you fear success, but because the price has exceeded what a sober analysis can justify.

“Volatility is not the enemy of the patient investor. It is, in fact, the very mechanism by which patience is rewarded.”

Consider the historical record. The investors who have generated the greatest long-term wealth are not those who traded most frequently or reacted most quickly. They are those who identified quality, purchased it at reasonable prices, and then had the fortitude to hold it through the inevitable periods of doubt. Warren Buffett's returns are not the product of brilliant timing. They are the product of decades of disciplined compounding, punctuated by occasional bold action during periods of market distress.

At Oakwood, we counsel our clients to view volatility not as a threat but as a feature of functioning markets — one that, over time, creates opportunity for those who are prepared and patient enough to seize it. The next correction will come. It always does. And when it arrives, we will be ready — not with panic, but with a carefully maintained list of exceptional businesses we would like to own at better prices.

Estate Planning for the Modern Family

The American family has changed profoundly over the past fifty years. Blended families, international marriages, non-traditional structures, and the growing prevalence of family businesses that span continents — these realities demand an estate planning approach that is as nuanced and individual as the families themselves.

Too often, estate planning is treated as a legal exercise — a matter of documents and structures and tax-optimized transfers. These technical elements are essential, of course. But they are not sufficient. The most carefully drafted trust is worthless if it fails to account for the human dynamics of the family it serves. A succession plan that optimizes for tax efficiency but ignores sibling rivalry or generational differences in values is a plan that will ultimately fail.

“The best estate plan is not the one that minimizes taxes most aggressively. It is the one that keeps the family together.”

In our practice, we begin every estate engagement not with documents but with conversation. We want to understand the family's values, their aspirations for future generations, their concerns about wealth's effect on character and ambition. We explore questions that many families find uncomfortable but essential: How much is enough for each heir? What role should philanthropy play? How do we prepare the next generation for the responsibility of wealth without burdening them with obligation?

Only after we understand the human dimensions do we turn to the structures. And even then, we prefer simplicity. The most elegant estate plan is not the most complex one — it is the one that accomplishes the family's objectives with the fewest moving parts, the greatest transparency, and the highest likelihood of being understood and honoured by the generations that will inherit it.

Why We Don't Chase Trends

Every few years, a new investment theme captures the imagination of the financial world. Cryptocurrencies. SPACs. Meme stocks. Artificial intelligence. Each arrives with breathless enthusiasm, a compelling narrative, and the implicit suggestion that anyone who fails to participate is hopelessly behind the times.

We have seen this pattern repeat throughout our firm's history. In the late 1990s, it was internet stocks. In the mid-2000s, it was structured credit products. In each case, the underlying innovation was real and significant. But the investment frenzy that accompanied it was something different entirely — a collective suspension of the analytical discipline that separates investing from speculation.

“The gap between a transformative technology and a good investment is often wider than the market appreciates — and takes longer to close than anyone expects.”

Our refusal to chase trends is not a rejection of innovation. We hold meaningful positions in technology companies, in healthcare innovators, in firms that are reshaping their industries. But we invest in these companies because we understand their businesses, can value their cash flows, and believe the price we pay offers a reasonable margin of safety. We do not invest in narratives. We do not invest in momentum. And we certainly do not invest in the fear of missing out.

This discipline has occasionally meant underperforming during the euphoric phase of a cycle. It has always meant outperforming during the correction that follows. Over the full cycle — and our clients invest over many cycles — the math favours the patient and the disciplined. It always has.

Navigating the New Rate Environment

After years of extraordinary monetary policy, we appear to have entered a period of relative normalisation. Interest rates, while lower than their 2023 peaks, remain meaningfully higher than the near-zero levels that defined the previous decade. For long-term investors, this represents not a challenge but an opportunity.

Higher rates mean that fixed income, for the first time in years, can play its traditional role in a portfolio: generating real income and providing genuine diversification against equity risk. We have been methodically increasing our allocation to high-quality bonds — investment-grade corporates, municipals for tax-sensitive clients, and select Treasury positions at the longer end of the curve.

On the equity side, the new rate environment favours companies that generate cash today over those that promise it tomorrow. This is a return to fundamental investing, and it suits our approach well. We continue to favour businesses with strong balance sheets, pricing power, and the ability to sustain dividends through economic cycles.

International Markets: A Case for Patience

American investors have been richly rewarded for their home bias over the past fifteen years. US equities have outperformed international markets by a wide margin, driven by the dominance of technology companies and a strong dollar. It is tempting to conclude that this outperformance will continue indefinitely. We believe that conclusion is premature.

Valuations in developed international markets — Europe, Japan, Australia — sit at historic discounts relative to the US. Earnings growth, while more modest, is often priced attractively. Currency dynamics, which have been a headwind for international returns, may shift as interest rate differentials narrow. And the historical pattern is clear: periods of extreme US outperformance have consistently been followed by periods of international catch-up.

We are not advocating a dramatic shift away from US equities. Rather, we are making the case for the kind of disciplined diversification that has always been central to our approach. A well-constructed portfolio includes meaningful international exposure — not because we can predict when the rotation will occur, but because we know that it will.

Understanding

What Is a Family Limited Partnership — and Is It Right for You?

A family limited partnership (FLP) is a legal structure that allows families to consolidate and manage assets collectively while facilitating the gradual, tax-efficient transfer of wealth to younger generations. The senior generation typically serves as general partners, retaining control over investment decisions and distributions, while limited partnership interests are gifted or sold to heirs at discounted valuations. FLPs are particularly well-suited to families with concentrated holdings in real estate or closely held businesses. They offer meaningful estate tax advantages, but they must be structured and maintained with care — the IRS scrutinizes FLPs closely, and those that lack economic substance or fail to observe proper formalities risk having their tax benefits challenged. We advise clients to pursue FLPs only when the structure serves a genuine business purpose beyond tax reduction, and only in close coordination with experienced legal counsel.

Planning

Roth Conversions in Retirement: Timing, Trade-offs, and Long-Term Value

Converting traditional IRA assets to a Roth IRA triggers a taxable event today in exchange for tax-free growth and withdrawals in the future. For retirees in certain circumstances, this trade-off can be remarkably advantageous — particularly during years of lower income (the gap between retirement and Social Security or required minimum distributions), or when current tax rates are expected to be lower than future rates. The strategy requires careful analysis of your current marginal rate, your projected future income, your estate planning objectives, and the impact on Medicare premiums (IRMAA surcharges can be triggered by conversion income). We typically model multi-year conversion strategies that spread the tax impact across several years, converting just enough each year to fill the current tax bracket without pushing into the next. When executed thoughtfully, Roth conversions can meaningfully reduce the total lifetime tax burden on a family's retirement assets.

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